publications

(* denotes an undergraduate collaborator)

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Bio-inspired Robotics & Robo-inspired Biology

Biomechanics & Physiology

Biomathematical Modeling

Book

Long, J.H., Jr. (2012). Darwin's Devices: What Evolving Robots Can Teach Us About the History of Life and the Future of Technology. New York: Basic Books. Purchase book.

Twitter: @DarwinsDevices Twitter.

FaceBook: www.facebook.com/DarwinsDevices FaceBook.

Blog: pages.vassar.edu/darwinsdevices/ Blog.

Course

Long, J.H., Jr. (2015). Robotics. Chantilly, VA: The Great Courses. Purchase DVDs or on-line streaming.

Bio-inspired Robotics & Robo-inspired Biology

Brawer, J.*, Hill, A., Livingston, K., Aaron, E., Bongard, J. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2017). Epigenetic operators and the evolution of physically embodied robots. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 4, 1. DOI=10.3389/frobt.2017.00001 open-access article
Livingston, N., Bernatskiy, A., Smith, M.L, Schwarz, J. and J.H. Long, Jr.(2016). Modularity and sparsity: evolution of neural net controllers in physically embodied robots. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 3, 75. DOI=10.3389/frobt.2016.00075 open-access article
Roberts, S.F.*, Hirokawa, J.*, Rosenblum, H.G.*, Sakhtah, H.*, Gutierrez, A.A., Porter, M.E. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2014). Testing biological hypotheses with embodied robots: adaptations, accidents, and by-products in the evolution of vertebrates. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 1, 12. DOI=10.3389/frobt.2014.00012 open-access article
Long, J.H., Jr. (2011). Biomimetics -- robotics based on fish swimming. Chapter 244 in Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment (Eds. Farrell, A.P., Cech, J.J., Richards, J.G. and E.D. Stevens), Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA: Academic Press. book
Krishnamurthy, P., Khorrami, F., de Leeuw, J., Porter, M., Livingston, K. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2010). An electric ray inspired biomimetic autonomous underwater vehicle. American Control Conference 2010, 5224-5229. Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-7426-4. pdf
Doorly, N.*, Irving, K.,* McArthur, G.,* Combie, K.,* Engel, V.*, Sakhtah, H.,* Stickles, E.*, Rosenblum, H.*, Gutierrez, A.*, Root, R., Liew, C-W. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2009). Biomimetic evolutionary analysis: robotically-simulated vertebrates in a predator-prey ecology. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life, 147-154. pdf
Liew, C.W., Root, R.G., Long, J.H. Jr., Koob, T.J. and M. Cummins* (2007). Using artificial organisms to study the evolution of backbones in fish. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life, 108-114. pdf || journal
Long, J.H. Jr. (2007). Biomimetic robotics: building autonomous, physical models to test biological hypotheses. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 221, 1193-1200. pdf || journal
Long, J.H. Jr., Koob, T.J., Irving, K.*, Combie, K.*, Engel, V.*, Livingston, N., Lammert, A.* and J. Schumacher* (2006). Biomimetic evolutionary analysis: testing the adaptive value of vertebrate tail stiffness in autonomous swimming robots. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209(23), 4732-4746. pdf || journal
Long, J.H. Jr., Schumacher, J.*, Livingston, N. and M. Kemp (2006). Four flippers or two? Tetrapodal swimming with an aquatic robot. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics 1, 20-29. pdf || journal
Kemp, M., Hobson, B. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2005). Madeleine: an agile AUV propelled by flexible fins. In Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST). Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute, Lee, NH. pdf || order proceedings
Long, J.H. Jr., Lammert, A.C.*, Pell, C.A., Kemp, M., Strother, J.,* Crenshaw, H.C. and M.J. McHenry (2004). A navigational primitive: biorobotic implementation of cycloptic helical klinotaxis in planar motion. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 29(3), 795-806. pdf || journal
Long, J.H. Jr., Lammert, A.C.*, Strother, J.* and M.J. McHenry (2003). Biologically-inspired control of perception-action systems: helical klinotaxis in 2D robots. In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST). Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute, Lee, NH. pdf
McHenry, M.J.*, Pell, C.A. and J.H. Long, Jr. (1995). Mechanical control of swimming speed: stiffness and axial wave form in an undulatory fish model. Journal of Experimental Biology 198, 2293-2305. pdf

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Biomechanics & Physiology

Porter, M.E. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2010). Vertebrae in compression: mechanical behavior of arches and centra in the gray smooth-hound shark (Mustelus californicus). Journal of Morphology, 271, 366-375. pdf|| journal
Porter, M.E., Roque, C.M.* and J.H. Long, Jr. (2009). Turning maneuvers in sharks: predicting body curvature from body and vertebral morphology. Journal of Morphology 270, 954-965. pdf
Jones, J., Holloway, B., Ketcham, E. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2008). Senses and sensibility: predator-prey experiments reveal how fish perceive and respond to threats. American Biology Teacher 70(8), 462-467. Selected by the National Association of Biology Teachers as a BioClub recommendation (featured as an open access article). pdf (takes you to journal's page; scroll down for open access download)
Schachat, F., Song, L., Koob, T. and J.H. Long Jr. (2006). Myosin heavy chain expression in the specialized embryonic tail appendage of the skate Leucoraja erinacea. The Bulletin, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 45, 63-65. pdf
Summers, A.P. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2006). Skin and bones, sinew and gristle: the mechanical behavior of fish skeletal tissues. Pp 141-177 In Fish Biomechanics (Editors R.E. Shadwick & G.V. Lauder, volume 23, Fish Physiology; series editors A.P. Farrell & C.J. Brauner). Academic Press. order book
Long, J.H. Jr., Koob-Emunds, M. and T.J. Koob (2004). The mechanical consequences of vertebral centra. The Bulletin, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory 43, 99-101. pdf || journal
Hale, M.E., Long, J.H. Jr., McHenry, M.J.* and M.W. Westneat. (2002). Evolution of behavior and neural control of the fast-start escape response. Evolution 56(5), 993-1007. pdf || journal
Long, J.H. Jr., Koob-Emunds, M., Sinwell, B.* and T.J. Koob. (2002). The notochord of hagfish, Myxine glutinosa: viscoelastic properties and mechanical functions during steady swimming. Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 3819-3831.pdf
Czuwala, P.J., Long, J.H. Jr., Koob-Emunds, M. and T.J. Koob. (2000). Hydrostatic pressure variations within the hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) notochord. The Bulletin, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 39, 104-107. pdf
Koob, T.J. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2000). The vertebrate body axis: evolution and mechanical function. American Zoologist 40(1), 1-18. pdf
Long, J.H. Jr. (1998). Muscles, elastic energy, and the dynamics of body stiffness in swimming eels. American Zoologist 38, 771-792. pdf
Long, J.H. Jr. (1995). Morphology, mechanics, and locomotion: the relation between the notochord and swimming motions in sturgeon. Environmental Biology of Fishes 44, 199-211. pdf
Westneat, M.W., Hale, M.E.*, McHenry, M.J.* and J.H. Long, Jr. (1998). Mechanics of the fast-start: muscle function and the role of intramuscular pressure in the escape behavior of Amia calva and Polypterus palmas. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201, 3041-3055. pdf
Long, J.H. Jr., Pabst, D.A., Shepherd, W.R.* and W.A. McLellan (1997). Locomotor design of dolphin vertebral columns: bending mechanics & morphology of Delphinus delphis. Journal of Experimental Biology 200(1), 65-81. pdf
Long, J.H. Jr., Hale, M.E., McHenry, M.J.* and M.W. Westneat. (1996). Functions of fish skin: flexural stiffness and steady swimming of longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus. Journal of Experimental Biology 199, 2139-2151. pdf
Long, J.H. Jr. and K.S. Nipper*. (1996). The importance of body stiffness in undulatory propulsion. American Zoologist 36(6), 678-694. pdf
Long, J.H. Jr., McHenry, M.J.* and N.C. Boetticher.* (1994). Undulatory swimming: how traveling waves are produced and modulated in sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Journal of Experimental Biology 192, 129-145. pdf
Long, J.H. Jr. (1992). Stiffness and damping forces in the intervertebral joints of blue marlin, (Makaira nigricans). Journal of Experimental Biology 162, 131-155. pdf
Hebrank, J.H., Hebrank, M.R., Long, J.H. Jr., Block, B.A. and S.A. Wainwright. (1990). Backbone mechanics of the blue marlin Makaira nigricans (Pisces, Istiophoridae). Journal of Experimental Biology 148, 449-459. pdf

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Biomathematical Modeling

Long, J.H. Jr., Porter, M.E., Liew, C.W. and R.G. Root (2010). Go reconfigure: how fish change shape as they swim and evolve. Integrative and Comparative Biology 50(6), 1120-1139. DOI: 10.1093/icb/icq066 pdf || journal
Root, R.G., Courtland, H.W., Shepherd, W. and J.H. Long, Jr. (2007). Flapping flexible fish: periodic and secular body reconfigurations in swimming lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Experiments in Fluids 43(5), 779-797. pdf || journal
Long, J.H. Jr., Adcock, B.* and R.G. Root. (2002). Force transmission via axial tendons in undulating fish: a dynamic analysis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A,133, 911-929. pdf || journal
Czuwala, P.J., Blanchette, C.*, Varga, S.*, Root, R.G. and J.H. Long, Jr. (1999). A mechanical model for the rapid body flexures of fast-starting fish. Pp 415-426 in Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST). Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute, Lee, NH. pdf || order proceedings
Librizzi, N.N.*, Long, J.H. Jr. and R.G. Root. (1999). Modeling a swimming fish with an initial-boundary value problem: unsteady maneuvers of an elastic plate with internal force generation. Mathematical & Computer Modeling 30(11/12), 77-93. pdf || journal
Root, R.G., Courtland, H-W.*, Pell, C.A., Hobson, B., Twohig, E.J.*, Suter, R.J., Shepherd, W.R. III*, Boetticher, N.* and J.H. Long, Jr. (1999). Swimming fish and fish-like models: the harmonic structure of undulatory waves suggests that fish actively tune their bodies. Pp 378-388 in Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST). Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute, Lee, NH. pdf