Philosophy 110
Early Chinese Philosophy
Fall 2006

Mr. Van Norden 
Office Hours: Tuesdays 2-4 or by appointment
Email: My username is "brvannorden" at host "vassar.edu". 

Office: Rockefeller Hall 207 
Office Phone (and voice mail): 437-5538 
WWW: http://faculty.vassar.edu/brvannor

Course Description:

This course is an introduction to ancient Chinese philosophy (in translation), covering the period between roughly 500 and 221 B.C. In addition to introducing you to Confucianism, Daoism and other ism's, we will pay special attention to developing your skills in three areas: reading, writing and reasoning. Owing to class size, the course format is mostly lecture with some discussion. This course has no prerequisites, and assumes no background in philosophy, or in Chinese language or culture.

Last revised August 26, 2006.


Required Texts:


Written Assignments and Grades

Briefly, your grade will be based on

Absences can only be excused by the Dean of Studies Office (x5255). There is no final exam in this course.

This course places a significant emphasis on writing well. There will be three papers in this course. Each paper must be at least 1200 words in length, and each is worth 25% of your grade. A substantial portion of your grade for these papers will depend on the quality of your writing and manuscript preparation. The topics are given below, by the class meeting on which the papers are due. Papers may not be hand-written, and must be double-spaced. And, whatever else you do, proofread your papers before handing them in ! (Remember: a spell-check program is no substitute for proofreading!) You should also buy a stapler if you do not already own one.  Unstapled papers will be returned to you to be stapled before I will grade them.

Unexcused late papers will drop 1/3 letter grade per weekday after the due date. (That is, an A paper that should have been handed in on a Tuesday will receive an A- if it is handed in Wednesday, and a B+ if it is handed in Thursday.) If you cannot hand in a paper during class, you may turn it in to the Philosophy Department Office (Rocky 209). If you think you cannot get a paper finished in time, you may get an extension in advance without a grade penalty if you ask and have a legitimate reason ! Excuses after the due date can only be approved through the Dean of Studies Office (x5255).


Reading Assignments and Class Topics:

The readings should be completed before the class meeting under which they are listed, and then re-read after the class in which they are discussed.
  

Lect. 1 

(Thursday)

Topics: Course introduction, overview, and mechanics. 

Background

Lect. 2 

(Tuesday,

Sept. 5, 2006)

Topic: Hermeneutics.  Read B.W. Van Norden, "How to Read a Text" (follow the link at left).

Lect. 3 

(Thursday)

Topic:  Early Chinese history and the origin of key Chinese philosophical concepts.
Reading:   Early Chinese History (follow the link at left), especially "China Before and After Confucius" and "Key Concepts."


Suggested additional readings:  " The Announcement to the Prince of Kang," " The Announcement to the Duke of Shao," " The Metal Bound Coffer," and Confucian Moral Self Cultivation," Introduction, pp. ix-xvii.

Lect. 4 

(Tuesday,

Sept. 12, 2006)

First paper due today!  Write at least  1,200 words (that's usually at least three pages, double-spaced), on the  following topic:  Read "The  Announcement to the Duke of Shao," and interpret it in TWO different ways, one using a "hermeneutic of faith," and one using a "hermeneutic of  suspicion."  (These terms are explained in "How to Read a Text.")

Topic: Ritual. 
Screening of video, "Sacred Rites and Rituals." 
Reading: A.R. Radcliff-Brown, "Religion and Society" (on reserve in the library or follow the link at left for the reading).

Kongzi (Confucius) and His Opponents:  Virtue vs. Violence

Lect. 5

(Thursday,

Sept. 14, 2006)

Topic: Three Ways to Understand Kongzi. 
Reading:  Bryan Van Norden, "The Dao of Kongzi" (on reserve in the library or follow the link at left),  then read Confucius, Analects, especially Books 3-15, pp. 17-190.  Focus on the original text, but do use Slingerland's commentary to illuminate the passages.

Lect. 6

(Tuesday,

Sept. 19, 2006)

Topic: Kongzi and moral cultivation. 
Reading: Ivanhoe, Confucian Moral Self Cultivation, pp. 1-14.

Lect. 7

(Thursday)

Topic: Militarism.  Reading:  Sun Tzu (Sunzi), The Art of War, pp. 41-172.  (Focus on the classic text by "Master Sun," which is in boldface.  Use the commentaries to help illuminate the classic.)

Lect. 8

(Tuesday,

Sept. 26, 2006)

Midterm on A Supplement to Strunk and White!

Mozi:  Consequentialism and the Development of Argumentation

Lect. 9
(Thursday)

Topic: Mohist universalism and psychology. 
Reading:  Mozi in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 2, pp. 59-111 and "Against Confucianism" (follow the link at left).  Focus especially on the section "Impartial Caring" (Readings pp. 68-76). 

Lect. 10
(Tuesday,

Oct. 3, 2006)

Topic: Details of the Mohist program. 
Reading:  Re-read Mozi in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 2, pp. 59-111 and "Against Confucianism" (follow the link at left). 

Yang Zhu and Egoism

Lect. 11
(Thursday,

Oct. 5)

Second paper due today!  Read the version of "Condemnation of Offensive War" on reserve in the library.  (This is a different version from the one in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy!  You will not be able to do the assignment unless you use the version on reserve in the library!)  Then write at least 1,200 words (that's usually at least three pages, double-spaced), answering the following questions:  According to the Mohists, what distinguishes "punishment" from "attack"?  Is the distinction required by, contradicted by or just consistent with their consequentialism?  Should we find rationally persuasive their argument that "punishment" is justified while "attack" is not?  Why or why not?  (Do not just rely on the assumptions that "everything is relative" or "no one knows anything anyway.")

Lecture Topic: Yangism. 
Reading:  Read the entry on xing in the Important Terms section of Readings, and read "Robber Zhi" in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, pp. 369-74.

N.B. The last day to drop a course is this Friday (Oct. 14). 

 

October Break (Oct. 15-23)

Mengzi (Mencius)

Lect. 12
(Tuesday,

Oct. 10, 2006)

Topic: Mengzi on human nature. 
Readings:  Ivanhoe, Confucian Moral Self Cultivation, pp. 15-28; Mengzi (Mencius) in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 3, pp. 115-57, especially passages 2A6, 6A6, 6A8, 6A10.

Lect. 13
(Thursday)

Topic: The Mengzian response to the Mohists and Yangists. 
Reading:  Mengzi in Readings, especially passages 1A1, 1A7, 3A5, Book 6A, 6B4, 7A26.

October Break (Oct. 16-20)

Lect. 14
(Tuesday,

Oct. 24)

Topic: Mengzi on the virtues. 
Reading:  Mengzi, especially passages 2A2, 4A27, 5A9, and 7B37 in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy

Taoism and the Dialecticians

Lect. 15
(Thursday)

Topic: The Dialecticians. 
Reading:  "On the White Horse" in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, pp. 363-67. 

Lect. 16

(Tuesday)

Lecture Topic: The Chinese language.  Read B.W. Van Norden, "The Chinese Language and Writing System."  Also look at this Chinese oracle bone and this sample of an early Chinese text written on silk.

Lect. 17
(Thursday)

Topic: The Daodejing's alternative to Confucianism. 
Readings:  The entries on
dao, Daojia, de, wuwei, and ziran in the Important Terms section of Readings, pp. 389-94; Laozi, the Daodejing in Readings, Chapter 4, pp. 161-203.

Lect. 18
(Tuesday)

Topic: Cosmology and mysticism in the Daodejing
Readings:  Re-read Laozi,
Daodejing in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 4

Lect. 19
(Thursday)

Topic: Zhuangzi's "negative project."
Readings:  The first two sections in the Zhuangzi in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 5, pp. 207-24.

Lect. 20
(Tuesday)

Topic: Zhuangzi's "positive project."
Readings:  The entry on qi in the Important Terms section of Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, and the third and fourth sections in the Zhuangzi in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 5, pp. 224-31.

Lect. 21
(Thursday)

Topic:  Zhuangzi
Readings:  The fifth, sixth, and seventh sections in the Zhuangzi in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 5, pp. 231-43.

Recommended:  Zhuangzi, remaining selections in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 5, pp. 243-50.

Women in Early Chinese Thought

Lect. 22
(Tuesday,

Nov. 21, 2006)

Readings:  The Book of Songs, handout (only p. 71 and pp. 96-97), and Analects 5:1, 5:2, 6:28, 9:12, 17:25, and Mengzi 3B2, 4B33.

 

Thanksgiving (Nov. 24-27)

Xunzi

 

Lect. 23
(Thursday)

Topic: Xunzi on human nature and ethical cultivation. 
Readings:  Xunzi, Chapter 6 in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, pp. 255-69, 298-307, and Ivanhoe, Confucian Moral Self Cultivation, Chapter 3, pp. 29-42.

Lect. 24
(Tuesday)

Topic: Xunzi on cosmology, philosophical psychology, and the philosophy of language. 
Readings: Xunzi, Chapter 6 in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, pp. 269-98.

Lect. 25
(Thursday)

Topic: Xunzi.
Readings:  Re-read Xunzi, Chapter 6 in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, pp. 255-307.

Lect. 26
(Tuesday,

Dec. 5, 2006)

Third paper due today!  Write at least 1200 words (that's usually at least three pages, double-spaced) on the following topic:  We have examined the views of many thinkers on human flourishing, the virtues, ethical cultivation and human nature.  Present your own view on this topic drawing on the material covered in this course.  (For example, is your view of human nature like that of Yang Zhu, Mengzi, Mozi, Xunzi, or Zhuangzi?  If it is different from all of them, explain how.)

Class Topic: "Legalism." 
Reading:  Han Feizi, in Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, Chapter 7, pp. 311-59.

Advice

It is impossible to understand philosophy (Eastern or Western) after one reading. Even professional philosophers must read a philosophical text at least twice in order to understand it. So make sure to read every assignment in this course at least twice!

I do not recommend reading additional outside sources on the topics covered in this course. (Many secondary books and translations are very unreliable.) Just read, re-read, and re-re-read the assignments. You are encouraged to discuss the readings, lectures and paper topics with other students and with the instructor. However, you must write up your papers by yourself. In addition, if you use any quotations, phrases or even ideas in your papers that you did not come up with on your own, you must acknowledge this fact in a citation. Failure to do so is plagiarism (a serious offense) . It does not make any difference whether the source is a book, encyclopedia article, oral conversation, web site or anything else. Cite it!

My office hours are your time! Make use of them! In lecture, you are one of several dozen students. In my office hours, you usually get one on one attention. Take advantage of this opportunity!

Academic accommodations are available for students with documented disabilities. Please schedule an appointment with the instructor early in the semester to discuss any accommodation that may be needed for the course. All accommodations must be approved through the Office of Disability and Support Services (ext. 7584) as indicated in their accommodation letter.