Below is an image of the universe as envisioned by Copernicus and Galileo.  (The title says, in modern spelling, "A Perfect Description of the Celestial Orbs, according to the Most Ancient Doctrines of the Pythagoreans, and Others."  This is because Aristarchus, the first to advance the heliocentric hypothesis, was a Pythagorean.)  At the center of the universe is the Sun, surrounded by the globes of Mercury, Venus, "the great orb carrying this globe of mortality, its circular period determining our year" (and notice the orbit of the Moon around the Earth), then Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the fixed stars.